It may seem strange to be reading about genital warts and cervical cancer in a parenting magazine. However, the recent development of a vaccination for human papilloma virus for girls and women between 9 and 25, has forced all parents of daughters to educate themselves about this major medical development.
Human Papilloma Virus, or HPV, causes warts. There are over 100 strains of the virus, 30 of which are sexually transmitted. They often look like fleshy, skin-colored growths appearing on or around the genital area. Many people do not know they have the virus, having no outward physical signs. Further, it can take months to years after exposure to show signs. It is estimated that 50 per cent of sexually active men and women have, or have had, genital warts, making it the most common sexually transmitted disease. Unfortunately, transmission is skin-to-skin contact and condoms are not completely protective. Often, one’s own immune system clears the virus spontaneously. But, infection with certain strains in women, particularly types 16 and 18, can infect the cervix and in turn, lead to abnormal cells and cervical cancer. This progression is slow and can be diagnosed with regular pap tests. Early treatment is, of course, very important. However, every year women still die of cervical cancer.
Of course, abstinence is the best prevention for developing HPV and cervical cancer. Now, however, we can potentially eradicate 90 per cent of the types of HPV which cause cervical cancer. Gardasil is a new vaccine which is ideally given before one becomes sexually active. However, administration at any time is thought to be of benefit – even in women who already have had HPV. It is a three vaccine series. Currently, it is not indicated for men. The vaccine is expensive, costing $400 to $450; however, some drug plans will subsidize this cost. This vaccine may become part of routine vaccination for girls, but this may be years away.
Although embarrassing, we parents must engage in open and frank discussions with our teens and pre-teens about sexual activity, the importance of abstinence and the potential risks of exposure to sexually transmitted illness, including HPV. Safe sex practices and the use of condoms must be stressed. This vaccination should be part of this discussion also. Regular pap tests are essential for sexually active females, regardless of vaccination. Ask your doctor about HPV, cervical cancer, and if Gardasil is appropriate for you or your daughters.
Perhaps, by educating our children, cervical cancer will be virtually eliminated within our lifetime. Now that’s worth a little embarrassment.
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